UNIT 10, Studia Filologia angielska, Gramatyka (Grammar)

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UNIT 10
The world of work
Speaking
1)
Work with a partner.
1 Choose one photo each to talk about. Say where you think the photo was taken and how the
people might be feeling.
2 Discuss the different aspects of work and attitudes to work illustrated by the two photos you
have chosen. Think about:
• the relationship between work and home life
• the different values of old and modern lifestyles.
3
Report back to the class and share your ideas about all the photos.
2)
Imagine you are working on a project to assess different working situations around the world.
Discuss which aspects of work you would want to include in the project, and which you feel are
relevant to life today.
3)
Do you think work means the same thing in different cultures? Think of other countries that you
have read about, seen in films or visited. Do you think other factors might be more important than
those you discussed in Exercise 1.2?
Use of English
Paper 3, Part 5
1)
1 Look at the following list of factors you might consider when choosing a job. Select five and
rank them in order of importance for you. Compare your ideas with a partner and discuss the reasons
for you choices.
• job security
• independence
• income
• status
• job satisfaction/self-fulfillment
• social life
• future prospects
2 How could you find out about these factors before applying for a job? Which factors might it be
appropriate to ask about if you were being interviewed for a job?
3 What sort of information can an employer get from an interview apart from facts that could be
gained from a letter of application or a CV?
4
How effective do you think interviews are a means of selecting people for job?
2)
Read the following texts on job applications and interviews. Which text is written in a more
personal style? Answer questions 1-4 with a word or short phrase. You do not need to write complete
sentences.
Text 1
In today’s job marketplace, the interview is increasingly a structured event, with each candidate being asked
the same predetermined questions, rather then a process guided by whatever questions happen to float into the
minds of the panel. A growing number of interviews are also situational, with candidates being asked questions
such as ‘What would you do if …?’, or ‘How would you deal with a situation where …?’. Thus approach lets
them provide practical examples of how they would tackle particular situations, whether or not they have had
any direct experience of them. Despite their increasing rigour, interviews are also generally becoming a lot less
formal, reflecting the decreasing importance attached to hierarchy within organizations. It has been found that
despite all these efforts to bring the interview process up-to-date, employers frequently make the wrong choice
– but although the interview may be a highly unreliable predictor of a candidate’s suitability, it remains the
centerpiece of most organisations’ selection procedures.
From the point of view of the candidate, there ate important pointers towards maximizing the
possibilities of success at the interview stage. One of the most important is good preparation, both in personal
appearance and in knowledge of what the job entails. Confidence gained in this way will enable the candidate
to feel at ease, and to avoid the traps of either false modesty or overconfidence when answering questions in
the interview.
1
What are the three main changes in the nature of the interview described by the writer?
2
What phrase in the first paragraph suggests that interviews are now more challenging for candidates?
Text 2
Barbara left university armed with a good degree in advertising and a desire to fulfill her dream of working in
PR. But three months after sending scores of letters in response to adverts, she was still looking for that elusive
job.
Nowadays it’s not just the traditionally popular professions like the media and law that are difficult to
enter. To make sure you gat noticed, you have to be prepared to pull out all stops. And here’s how you can do
it.
You should identify your skills and what you want out of your job. The core skills employers are
looking for are communication, teamwork and IT skills; seek help with this from careers advisors and
consultants. Send out speculative letters, but make sure your letter stands out – you want the reader to stop and
take notice. Once you reach the interview stage, beware of pitfalls that can trip you up. Your performance here
is crucial. Blunders can cost you the job; make sure you’re well-versed in as many of the company’s products
and services as possible. Dress smartly but comfortably, as you will be judged in some respects by what you
wear. When in doubt, dress conservatively. Appear confident, relaxed and in control at all times – this is of
primary importance – and remember to listen as well as talk. Communication is a two-way street – talk too
much and you may miss clues concerning what the interviewer feels is important.
3
Explain in your own words why the writer has chosen to use the expression ‘pull out all the stops’ in
line 9.
4
Which phrase in paragraph 3 links with the idea in text 1 of ‘knowledge of what the job entails’?
3)
In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible the
advice given in the texts for the best approach to take when applying for a job. Look back at Unit 4
page 55 for advice on the procedure for summary writing. (You should look for four main points, with
supporting detail.)
4)
In interviews, a candidate showing over-interest in the salary or perks of a job is often regarded
with suspicion. What reasons can you think of for people wanting to work, other than financial ones?
Language Focus: Vocabulary
Compound adjectives
In Paper 3, Part 2 you may need to use compound adjectives. For example:
Make sure you’re
well-versed
in the company’s products.
1)
Combine the following words to make three compound adjectives in each group.
1
red
narrow
one
minded
sided
haired
2
ill
widely
ready
known
made
advised
3
well
labour
smooth
talking
meaning
saving
4
troubled
full
five
page
free
scale
2)
1 Match groups 1-3 above to one of the following patterns:
a) adjective/adverb/noun + present particle
b) adjective/number/noun + noun +
ed
c) adjective/adverb + past particle
2
What different patterns can you see in group 4?
3 Complete the following sentences using compound adjectives, including a form of the word
given in capitals.
1 I had to write a ………….. …………..……… essay in just three hours. FIVE
2 She may be …………..…………..…………..………….. but she seems to end up annoying a lot of
people. E N
3 Don’t you think that’d a rather …………..…………..…………..………….. argument? What about the
other point of view? SIDE
4 I would say that you’d be …………..…………..…………..………….. to resign without having found a
new job.
He’s certainly a …………..…………..……… but I don’t trust what he says. SMOOTH
ADVICE
6
Working couples often buy …………..…………..… meals for the evening.
MAKE
Listening
Paper 4, Part 2
1)
Look at the advertisement below, produced by a charity dedicated to the needs of children around
the world. What point is the advertisement making?
Andrew is 12.
He practices football every evening.
Ali is 12.
He sews footballs every day.
2)
You will hear an interview with Joanne Waters, who works for a children’s charity. Before you
listen, read the sentences below and true to predict what kind of information is missing.
On her fact-finding trip Joanne was investigating the problems of …………..…………..…………..…………..
(1)
Children may be employed to make …………..…………..…………..………….. (2)
It’s important to consider …………..…………..…………..………….. (3) before taking action.
Banning the …………..…………..…………..………….. (4) of goods produced by children could harm them.
Joanne’s charity wants to …………..…………..…………..………….. (5) the production of sports goods by
children.
The charity started investigating work conditions by talking to …………..…………..…………..…………..
(6)
5
The children appreciated having work that was …………..…………..…………..………….. (7) and could be
done at home.
The charity wants to begin by banning …………..…………..…………..………….. (8) jobs.
Joanne also recommends checking children’s …………..…………..…………..………….. (9) regularly.
3)
Now listen and complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. Then check and complete
your answers on the second listening.
4)
Discuss these questions.
1 How far do you agree with the following statement in the light of the information you heard in the
interview?
‘Consumers should boycott all products whose manufacture has involves the use of child labour.’
2
Can you think of any arguments to
justify
young children working, apart from the need to make money?
5)
In the interview, the speaker said: ‘If children don’t need to work they can have the sort of life we
think of as a child’s life.’
1
What do you think the basic ingredients of a child’s life should be?
2
If you were drawing up a list of children’s rights to be applied internationally, what would you
include?
Language Focus: Vocabulary
Adverb + adjective collocation
Adverbs are often used to intensify the meaning of adjectives, for example:
A:
Very hot
today, isn’t it?
B:
Yes,
absolutely boiling
.
The adverb you can use depends on the type of adjective that follows it.
1)
Match the sets of adverbs 1-2 below to the three sets of adjectives A, B and C. Can you explain
the reason for your answer?
1
very/extremely/incredibly/fairly/rather
2
absolutely/completely/totally
A
terrified/amazed/exhausted/ruined
B
large/important/old/happy
C
perfect/frozen/extinct
Grammar reference p. 223
2)
Some intensifiers collocate strongly with particular adjectives. Complete the sentences using
intensifiers from the box.
deeply
closely
entirely
highly
widely
wildly
1
The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a ……….. guarded secret.
2
English language newspapers are not ……….. available outside the main tourist centres.
3
The company employs a team of ……….. skilled designers.
4
I was ……….. moved by the experience of visiting the refugee camp.
5
His description of the accident is ……….. exaggerated – it was far less dangerous than he suggests.
3)
Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions. Use an adverb from box A
and an adjective from box B in your answers.
6
We were not ……….. convinced by his arguments.
Say what you think of:
• A film/play you have seen recently
• A well-known personality at home and/or abroad
• The public transport system in your country
• Your first job/the worst job you have ever done
• Your first day at secondary school
• The education system in your country
A
deadly
extremely
fantastically
hopelessly
utterly
relatively
totally
incredibly
B
boring
conceited
competitive
dull
confusing
enjoyable
funny
good-looking
(in)efficient
progressive
rich
successful
4)
Re-express the following sentences using the intensifier given in brackets, so that they mean
almost the same. You will need to change the adjective used in the original sentence, and you may
need to make other changes as a result.
1
The carpenters were very clever at their job. (
highly
)
2
The weather could not have been better. (
absolutely
)
3
They had no idea where they were. (
completely
)
4
I found the film absolutely terrifying. (
extremely
)
5
I was absolutely amazed when I heard I’d passed the exam. (
exceedingly
)
Adjective + noun collocation
In the following sentences, only
two
of the three adjectives collocate with the noun. Cross out the
adjective that doesn’t collocate.
1
The
high/large/increasing
incidence of heart disease may be due to poor diet.
2
The pass rate in the exam is
higher/lower/smaller
in some areas than in others.
3
A
large/considerable/big
number of companies are reducing their workforces.
5
We have invested
expanding/even greater/ever-increasing
sums of money in improving our
equipment.
6
A
high/considerable/rising
ration of pupils to teachers is bound to lead to falling standards in
education.
7
This town has a
larger/greater/higher
proportion of older residents than its neighbour.
Collocation practice
1)
Read the text below in which an air traffic controller talks about his job and decide which answer
(
A
,
B
,
C
or
D
) best fits each gap.
LEARNING THE JOB
Air traffic controllers like me need specialist training. In America you have three months at the FAA’s
air traffic control academy, then after that there’s a further one to five years’ training on the (1)
………… . You need to know everything about how aircraft work. You have to understand how
different aircraft will react when they’re climbing, turning or lading – nothing about planes should be
an (2) ………… quantity. The qualities required of an air traffic controller are daunting. You need to
think quickly and have (3) ………… good anticipation. And you need to have an aggressive
confident personality. Planes might be a (4) ………… second apart but you have to know from the
4
Tourism is the most
major/important/significant
source of income in the area.
8
Counterfeit goods are being produced in
large/enormous/grand
quantities.
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