US Military Interventions, ABSTRACTS

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A CENTURY OF U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTIONS
The following is a
partial list
of 130 U.S. military interventions from 1890 to 1999
SOUTH DAKOTA/ 1890 (-?)/ Troops/ 300 Lakota Indians
massacred at Wounded Knee.
ARGENTINA/ 1890/ Troops/ Buenos Aires interests protected.
CHILE/ 1891/ Troops/ Marines clash with nationalist rebels.
HAITI/ 1891/ Troops/ Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed
Navassa Island defeated.
IDAHO/ 1892/ troops/ Army suppresses silver miners' strike.
HAWAII/ 1893 (-?)/ Naval, troops/ Independent kingdom
overthrown, annexed.
CHICAGO/ 1894/ Troops/ Breaking of rail strike, 34 killed.
NICARAGUA/ 1894/ Troops/ Month-long occupation of
Bluefields.
CHINA/ 1894-95/ Naval, troops/ Marines land in Sino-Japanese
War.
KOREA/ 1894-96/ Troops/ Marines kept in Seoul during war.
PANAMA/ 1895/ Troops, naval/ Marines land in Colombian
province.
NICARAGUA/ 1896/ Troops/ Marines land in port of Corinto.
CHINA/ 1989-1900/ Troops/ Boxer Rebellion fought by foreign
armies.
PHILIPPINES/ 1898-1910(-?)/ Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain,
killed 600,000 Filipinos.
CUBA/ 1898-1902(-?)/ Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain, still hold
Navy base.
PUERTO RICO/ 1898(-?)/ Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain,
occupation continues.
GUAM/ 1898(-?)/ Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain, still use as
base.
MINNESOTA/ 1898(-?)/ Troops/ Army battles Chippewa at Leech
Lake.
NICARAGUA/ 1898/ Troops / Marines land at port of San Juan
del Sur.
SAMOA/ 1899(-?)/ Troops/ Battle over succession to throne.
NICARAGUA/ 1899/ Troops/ Marines land at port of Bluefields.
IDAHO/ 1899-1901/ Troops / Army occupies C?ur d'Alene mining
region.
OKLAHOMA/ 1901/ Troops/ Army battles Creek Indian revolt.
PANAMA/ 1901-14/ Naval, troops/ Broke off from Colombia
1903, annexed Canal Zone 1914-99.
HONDURAS/ 1903/ Troops/ Marines intervene in revolution.
DOMINICAN REP./ 1903-04/ Troops / U.S. interests protected in
Revolution.
KOREA/ 1904-05/ Troops/ Marines land in Russo-Japanese War.
CUBA/ 1906-09/ Troops/ Marines land in democratic election.
NICARAGUA/ 1907/ Troops/ 'Dollar Diplomacy' protectorate set
up.
HONDURAS/ 1907/ Troops/ Marines land during war with
Nicaragua.
PANAMA/ 1908/ Troops / Marines intervene in election contest.
NICARAGUA/ 1910/ Troops / Marines land in Bluefields and
Corinto.
HONDURAS/ 1911/ Troops/ U.S. interests protected in civil war.
CUBA/ 1912/ Troops/ U.S. interests protected in Havana.
PANAMA/ 19l2/ Troops/ Marines land during heated election.
HONDURAS/ 19l2/ Troops/ Marines protect U.S. economic
interests.
NICARAGUA/ 1912-33/ Troops, bombing/ 20-year occupation,
fought guerrillas.
MEXICO/ 19l3/ Naval/ Americans evacuated during revolution.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/ 1914/ Naval/ Fight with rebels over
Santo Domingo.
COLORADO/ 1914/ Troops/ Breaking of miners' strike by Army.
MEXICO/ 1914-18/ Naval, troops/ Series of interventions against
nationalists.
HAITI/ 1914-34/ Troops, bombing/ 19-year occupation after revolts.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/ 1916-24/ Troops/ 8-year Marine
occupation.
CUBA/ 1917-33/ Troops/ Military occupation, economic protectorate.
WORLD WAR I/ 19l7-18/ Naval, troops/ Ships sunk, fought Germany.
RUSSIA/ 1918-22/ Naval, troops/ Five landings to fight Bolsheviks.
PANAMA/ 1918-20/ Troops/ 'Police duty' during unrest after elections.
YUGOSLAVIA/ 1919/ Troops/ Marines intervene for Italy against
Serbs in Dalmatia.
HONDURAS/ 1919/ Troops/ Marines land during election campaign.
GUATEMALA/ 1920/ Troops/ 2-week intervention against unionists.
WEST VIRGINIA/ 1920-21/ Troops, bombing/ Army intervenes
against mineworkers.
TURKEY/ 1922/ Troops/ Fought nationalists in Smyrna (Izmir).
CHINA/ 1922-27/ Naval, troops/ Deployment during nationalist revolt.
HONDURAS/ 1924-25/ Troops/ Landed twice during election strife.
PANAMA/ 1925/ Troops / Marines suppress general strike.
CHINA/ 1927-34/ Troops/ Marines stationed throughout the country.
EL SALVADOR/ 1932/ Naval/ Warships sent during Faribundo Marti
revolt.
WASHINGTON DC/ 1932/ Troops/ Army stops WWI vet bonus
protest.
WORLD WAR II/ 1941-45/ Naval,troops, bombing, nuclear/ Fought
Axis for 3 years; 1st nuclear war.
DETROIT/ 1943/ Troops/ Army puts down Black rebellion.
IRAN/ 1946/ Nuclear threat/ Soviet troops told to leave north (Iranian
Azerbaijan).
YUGOSLAVIA/ 1946/ Naval/ Response to shooting-down of
U.S.plane.
URUGUAY/ 1947/ Nuclear threat/ Bombers deployed as show of
strength.
GREECE/ 1947-49/ Command operation/ U.S. directs extreme-right in
civil war.
CHINA/ 1948-49/ Troops/ Marines evacuate Americans before
Communist victory.
GERMANY/ 1948/ Nuclear threat/ Atomic-capable bombers guard
Berlin Airlift.
PHILIPPINES/ 1948-54/ Command operation/ CIA directs war against
Huk Rebellion.
PUERTO RICO\ 1950/ Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats/
Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce.
KOREA/ 1951-53(-?)/ U.S.& South Korea fight China & North Korea
to stalemate; A bomb threat in 1950, & vs.China in 1953. Still have
bases.
IRAN/ 1953/ Command operation/ CIA overthrows democracy, installs
Shah.
VIETNAM/ 1954/ Nuclear threat/ Bombs offered to French to use
against siege.
GUATEMALA/ 1954/ Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat/
CIA directs exile invasion after new gov't nationalizes U.S.
company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua.
EGYPT/ 1956/ Nuclear threat, troops/ Soviets told to keep out of Suez
crisis; Marines evacuate foreigners
LEBANON/ 1958/ Troops, naval/ Marine occupation against rebels
IRAQ/ 1958/ Nuclear threat/ Iraq warned against invading Kuwait.
CHINA/ 1958/ Nuclear threat/ China told not to move on Taiwan isles.
PANAMA/ 1958/ Troops/ Flag protests erupt into confrontation.
VIETNAM/ 1960-75/ Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats/
Fought South Vietnam revolt & North Vietnam; 1-2 million
killed in longest U.S. war; atomic bomb threats in 1968 and
1969.
CUBA/ 1961/ Command operation/ CIA-directed exile invasion
fails.
GERMANY/ 1961/ Nuclear threat/ Alert during Berlin Wall crisis.
CUBA/ 1962/ Nuclear threat/ Naval Blockade during missile
crisis; near-war with USSR.
LAOS/ 1962/ Command operation/ Military buildup during
guerrilla war.
PANAMA/ 1964/ Troops/ Panamanians shot for urging canal's
return.
INDONESIA/ 1965/ Command operation/ Million killed in CIA-
assisted army coup.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/ 1965-66/ Troops, bombing/ Marines
land during election campaign.
GUATEMALA/ 1966-67/ Command operation/ Green Berets
intervene against rebels.
DETROIT/ 1967/ Troops/ Army battles Blacks, 43 killed.
UNITED STATES/ 1968/ Troops/ After King is shot; over 21,000
soldiers in cities.
CAMBODIA/ 1969-75/ Bombing, troops, naval/ Up to 2 million
killed in decade of bombing, starvation, and political chaos.
OMAN/ 1970/ Command operation/ U.S. directs Iranian marine
invasion.
LAOS/ 1971-73/ Command operation, bombing
U.S. directs South Vietnamese invasion; 'carpet-bombs'
countryside.
SOUTH DAKOTA/ 1973/ Command operation/ Army directs
Wounded Knee siege of Lakotas.
MIDEAST/ 1973/ Nuclear threat/ World-wide alert during Mideast
War.
CHILE/ 1973/ Command operation/ CIA-backed coup ousts
elected marxist president.
CAMBODIA/ 1975/ Troops, bombing Gas
captured ship, 28 die in copter crash.
ANGOLA/ 1976-92/ Command operation/ CIA assists South
African-backed rebels.
IRAN/ 1980/ Troops, nuclear threat, aborted bombing/ 8 troops die
in plane crash. Soviets warned not to get involved in
revolution.
LIBYA/ 1981/ Naval jets/ Two Libyan jets shot down in
maneuvers.
EL SALVADOR/ 1981-92/ Command operation, troops, advisors/
Overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in
hostage clash.
NICARAGUA/ 1981-90/ Command operation, naval/ CIA directs
exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against
revolution.
LEBANON/ 1982-84/ Naval, bombing, troops/ Marines expel PLO
and back Phalangists, Navy bombs and shells Muslim and
Syrian positions.
HONDURAS/ 1983-89/ Troops/ Maneuvers help build bases near
borders.
GRENADA/ 1983-84/ Troops, bombing/ Invasion four years after
revolution.
IRAN/ 1984/ Jets/ Two Iranian jets shot down over Persian Gulf.
LIBYA/ 1986/ Bombing, naval/ Air strikes to topple nationalist
gov't.
BOLIVIA/ 1986/ Troops/ Army assists raids on cocaine region.
IRAN/ 1987-88/ Naval, bombing/ US intervenes on side of Iraq in
war.
LIBYA/ 1989/ Naval jets/ Two Libyan jets shot down.
VIRGIN ISLANDS/ 1989/ Troops/ St. Croix Black unrest after storm.
PHILIPPINES/ 1989/ Jets/ Air cover provided for government against
coup.
PANAMA/ 1989-90/ Troops, bombing/ Nationalist government ousted
by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed.
LIBERIA/ 1990/ Troops/ Foreigners evacuated during civil war.
SAUDI ARABIA/ 1990-91/ Troops, jets/ Iraq countered after invading
Kuwait; 540,000 troops also stationed in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain,
UAE, Israel.
IRAQ/ 1990-?/ Bombing, troops, naval/ Blockade, air strikes; 200,000+
killed in invasion of Iraq; no-fly zone, large-scale destruction of
Iraqi military.
KUWAIT/ 1991/ Naval, bombing, troops/ Kuwait royal family returned
to throne.
LOS ANGELES/ 1992/ Troops/ Army, Marines deployed against anti-
police uprising.
SOMALIA/ 1992-94/ Troops, naval, bombing/ U.S.-led United Nations
occupation during civil war; raids against one Mogadishu faction.
YUGOSLAVIA/ 1992-94/ Naval/ Nato blockade of Serbia and
Montenegro.
BOSNIA/ 1993-95/ Jets, bombing/ No-fly zone patrolled in civil war;
downed jets, bombed Serbs.
HAITI/ 1994-96/ Troops, naval/ Blockade against military government;
troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup.
CROATIA/ 1995/ Bombing/ Krajina Serb airfields attacked before
Croatian offensive.
ZAIRE (CONGO)/ 1996-97/ Troops/ Marines at Rwandan Hutu refuge
camps, in area where Congo revolution begins.
LIBERIA/ 1997/ Troops/ Soldiers under fire during evacuation of
foreigners.
ALBANIA/ 1997/ Troops/ Soldiers under fire during evacuation of
foreigners.
SUDAN/ 1998/ Missiles/ Attack on pharmaceutical plant alleged to be
'terrorist' nerve gas plant.
AFGHANISTAN/ 1998/ Missiles / Attack on former CIA training
camps used by Islamic fundamentalist groups alleged to have
attacked embassies.
IRAQ/ 1998-?/ Bombing, Missiles/ Four days of intensive air strikes
after weapons inspectors allege Iraqi obstructions.
YUGOSLAVIA/ 1999 - ?/ Bombing, Missiles/ NATO air strikes after
Serbia declines to withdraw from Kosovo. NATO occupation of
Kosovo.
This compilation was revised on March 23, 1999. For more
information or with comments and additions please contact: Zoltan
Grossman, 1705 Rutledge, Madison, WI 53704 Phone Fax: (608)246-2256.
mtn@igc.apc.org
This is a partial list of U.S. military interventions from 1890 to
1999. This guide does NOT include demonstration duty by military police,
mobilizations of the National Guard, offshore shows of naval strength,
reinforcements of embassy personnel, the use of non-Defense Department
personnel (such as the Drug Enforcement Agency), military exercises, non-
combat mobilizations (such as replacing postal strikers), the permanent
stationing of armed forces, covert actions where the U.S. did not play a
command and control role, the use of small hostage rescue units, most uses
of proxy troops, U.S. piloting of foreign warplanes, foreign disaster
assistance, military training and advisory programs not involving direct
combat, civic action programs, and many other military activities.
Among sources used, besides news reports, are the Congressional
Record (23 June 1969), 180 landings by the U.S. Marine Corps History
Division, Ege & Makhijani in Counterspy (July-Aug. 1982), and Daniel
Ellsberg in Protest & Survive. 'Instances of Use of United States Forces
Abroad, 1798-1993' by Ellen C. Collier of the Library of Congress
Congressional Research Service.
For information about the struggle against war and racism, contact
International A.N.S.W.E.R. – Act Now to Stop War & End Racism
by calling 202-543-2777, emailing ANSWER@afgj.org or checking
out www.InternationalANSWER.org.
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