US ARMY UFC 3-440-01 Design - Active Solar Preheat Systems UFC 3-440-01, SURVIVAL, Dokumenty inne

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UFC 3-440-01
14 June 2002
UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)
DESIGN: ACTIVE SOLAR PREHEAT
SYSTEMS
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
 UFC 3-440-01
14 June 2002
UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)
DESIGN: ACTIVE SOLAR PREHEAT SYSTEMS
Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.
Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright
holder.
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity)
NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND
AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY
Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ …/1/)
Change No. Date
Location
UFC 3-440-01
14 June 2002
FOREWORD
The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and
provides planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance criteria, and
applies to the Military Departs, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in
accordance with
dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for
all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate.
UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made
available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria
for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE),
Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer
Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system.
Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and
improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD
working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the
respective service proponent office by the following electronic form:
The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.
UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the
following sources:
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) Index
USACE TECHINFO Internet site
NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office Internet site
Construction Criteria Base (CCB) system maintained by the National Institute of
Building Sciences at Internet site
Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the
current electronic version prior to use to assure that they are current.
AUTHORIZED BY:
__________________________________
Dwight A. Beranek, P.E.
Chief, Engineering and Construction Division
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
__________________________________
Dr. James W. Wright, P.E.
Chief Engineer and
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
__________________________________
Kathleen I. Ferguson, P.E.
The Deputy Civil Engineer
DCS/Installations & Logistics
Department of the Air Force
__________________________________
Frank Lane
Director of Analysis & Investment
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
for Installations and Environment
Department of Defense
UFC 3-440-01
14 June 2002
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
1-1
PURPOSE AND SCOPE ........................................................... 1-1
1-2
APPLICABILITY. ....................................................................... 1-1
1-3
REFERENCES ..........................................................................1-1
1-4 ADDITIONALRESOURCES .....................................................1-1
REQUIREMENTS
2-1
INTRODUCTION. ...................................................................... 2-1
2-2
ECONOMIC EVALUATION ....................................................... 2-1
2-2.1
Screening Tool. ...................................................................... 2-1
2-2.2
Detailed Analysis and Study ................................................... 2-1
2-3
FEASIBILITY DISCUSSION ...................................................... 2-2
2-3.1
System Selection. ................................................................... 2-2
2-3.2
Summary. ...............................................................................2-2
2.4 FUNDING ...................................................................................2-2
SYSTEM SELECTION, PLANNING, AND COORDINATION
3-1
INTRODUCTION. ...................................................................... 3-1
3-2
STANDARD SYSTEM TYPES. ................................................. 3-1
3-2.1
Closed-Loop System .............................................................. 3-1
3-2.2
Direct Circulation System ....................................................... 3-3
3-3
SYSTEM SELECTION. ............................................................. 3-4
3-4
SYSTEM LAYOUT .................................................................... 3-4
3-4.1
Collector Sub-System ............................................................. 3-4
3-4.2
Storage Sub-System............................................................. 3-10
3-4.3
Transport Sub-System.......................................................... 3-11
3-4.4
Control Sub-System.............................................................. 3-11
3-5
COORDINATION..................................................................... 3-12
3-5.1
Architect................................................................................ 3-12
3-5.2
Structural Engineer ............................................................... 3-13
SYSTEM DESIGN
4-1
INTRODUCTION. ...................................................................... 4-1
4-2
COLLECTOR SUB-SYSTEM .................................................... 4-1
4-2.1
Collector Specification ............................................................ 4-1
4-2.2
Collector Sub-System Piping and Layout ............................... 4-3
4-3
STORAGE SUB-SYSTEM....................................................... 4-13
4-3.1
Storage Tank Construction ................................................... 4-13
4-3.2
Storage Tank Sizing ............................................................. 4-14
4-3.3
Storage Sub-System Flow Rate ........................................... 4-14
4-4
TRANSPORT SUB-SYSTEM .................................................. 4-15
4-4.1
Transport Sub-System Design.............................................. 4-15
4-4.2
Transport Sub-System Checklist .......................................... 4-21
Paragraph
Paragraph
Paragraph
i
Paragraph
UFC 3-440-01
14 June 2002
4-5
CONTROL SUB-SYSTEM....................................................... 4-22
4-5.1
Differential Temperature Control Unit (DTC) ........................ 4-22
4-5.2
Temperature Sensors and Locations ................................... 4-23
4-5.3
Monitoring Equipment...........................................................4-24
4-6 SAFETYFEATURES..............................................................4-25
4-6.1 Fall Protection .....................................................................4-25
4-6.2 Equipment Lockout and Disconnect ...................................4-25
4-7 CASE STUDY .........................................................................4-25
APPENDIX A REFERENCES .................................................................................. A-1
APPENDIX B HOT WATER LOAD ESTIMATIONS ................................................. B-1
APPENDIX C WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS........................................................... C-1
APPENDIX D EXAMPLE DESIGN CHECKLIST ...................................................... D-1
APPENDIX E EXAMPLE DRAWINGS CHECKLIST ................................................ E-1
APPENDIX F SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS ..................................F-1
APPENDIX G SOLAR ENERGY CASE STUDY AT FORT HUACHUCA, AZ .......... G-1
FIGURES
Figure
Title
Figure 3-1. Closed-Loop Antifreeze System................................................................3-2
Figure 3-2. Direct Circulation System ..........................................................................3-3
Figure 3-3. System Selection Flowchart ......................................................................3-5
Figure 3-4. Flat-Plate Collector....................................................................................3-6
Figure 3-5. Minimum Collector Row Spacing ..............................................................3-8
Figure 3-6. Possible Array Configurations and Area .................................................3-10
Figure 4-1. Collector Manifold Types...........................................................................4-2
Figure 4-2. Collector Array Terminology......................................................................4-4
Figure 4-3. Reverse-Return Versus Direct- Return Piping Strategies .........................4-6
Figure 4-4. Steps in Developing a Reverse Return Piping Layout...............................4-7
Figure 4-5. Examples of Reverse-Return Piping .........................................................4-8
Figure 4-6. Manifold Sizing Example .........................................................................4-11
Figure 4-7. Manifold Sizing Example (Metric)............................................................4-12
Figure 4-8. Thermal Expansion Versus Temperature Differential for Copper Pipe ...4-14
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