Układ nerwowy, fizjoterapia, anatomia,fizjologia

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IT’S DISORDERS
Divided into
Podzielony
Internal
Wewn
ħ
trzny
External
Zewn
ħ
trzny
Environment
ĺ
rodowisko
Various
Ró
Ň
norodny
Composed
Składa
ę
si
ħ
z
Spinal cord
Rdze
ı
kr
ħ
gowy
The branch
Gał
ĢŅ
,odgal
ħ
zia
ę
Skull
Czaszka
Hemispheres
Półkula
Surface
Powierzchnia
Folds
Składac, zgina
ę
, zgi
ħ
cie, fałda
Compared
Porówna
ę
Receives
Otrzymywa
ę
, odbiera
ę
Enclosed
Zał
Ģ
cza
ę
, otacza
ę
Involuntary
Mimowolny
Blood vessels
Naczynia krwiono
Ļ
ne
Intestines
Jelita, wn
ħ
trzno
Ļ
ci
Trauma
Uraz, prze
Ň
ycie
Degeneration
Niszczenie
Neoplastic
Nowotworowy
Meningitis
Zapalenie opon mózgowych
Encephalitis
Zapalenie mózgu
Meningioma
Oponiak
Mild
Łagodny, delikatny
Concussion
Wstrz
Ģ
s psychiczny
Impairment
Zniesienie, osłabienie
Development
Rozwój, post
ħ
p
Handicap
Niepełnosprawny
Atherosclerosis
Mia
Ň
d
Ň
yca t
ħ
tnic
Hypertension
Nadci
Ļ
nienie
Paresis
Niedowład, pora
Ň
enie
Hemiparesis
Niedowład połowiczy
Paralysis
Parali
Ň
, bezwład
Accompanied
Towarzyszy
ę
Dizziness
Zawroty głowy
Anxiety
Niepokój
Epilepsy
Epilepsja, padaczka
Speech disturbances
Zaburzenia mowy
Neurosis
Nerwica
Dementia
Obł
ħ
t, ot
ħ
pienie umysłowe
Neuropathy
Choroba nerwowa
Diabetes
Cukrzyca
Leukaemia
Białaczka
Poisoning
Krwawienie
Numbness
Zdr
ħ
twienie , odr
ħ
twienie
Tingling
Mrówienie, kłucie
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Myalgia
Reumatyzm mi
ħĻ
niowy, ból mi
ħĻ
niowy
Sweating
Poci
ę
si
ħ
Frontal, parietal,occipital, temporal lobe
Czołowy,ciemieniowy,potyliczny,skroniowy
płat
Midbrain
ĺ
ródmózgowie
Pons
Most
Medulla oblongata
Rdze
ı
przedłu
Ň
ony
Cerbellum
Mó
Ň
d
Ň
ek
Peripheral
Obwodowy
Tumour
Guz
Mental retardation
Upo
Ļ
ledzenie umysłowe
The nervous system is divided into 3 parts :
-central nervous system -autonomic nervous system -peripheral nervous system
The function of the NS is to react to internal and external environment and carry impulses to
the brain and from the brain to various parts of the body.
The central nervous system is composed of : brain , spinal cord , nerves that branch off the
brain and the spianl cord.
The brain is situated in the skull, in cranial cavity.
The brain is divided into two hemispheres : right and left.
Their surface has a great number of folds.
The brain is often compared to a comupter, because like a computer it receives information,
sends it out and stores it for use in the future.
The spinal cord runs down from the base of the brain eclosed in the spinal canal.
The peripheral NS is composed of 12 pairs cranial nerves which branch off the brain , and 31
pair spinal nerves, whuch branch off the spinal cord.
The autonomic NS is consist of two parts : sympathetic and parasympathetic system.
They work in opposition its means if one of them increases the activity of an organ, that other
decreases it.
The funtion of autonomic NS is controls the involuntary action of such organs as the heart,
lungs, intestinal , blood vessels.
Diseases of the NS may be caused by trauma ( head injury or spinal cord injury), degeneration
(multiple sclerosis),infection (meningitis, encephalitis) or neuroplastic ( meningioma or brain
tumour).
A mild injury brain is called concussion.
Impairment of the brain development leads to mental hendicap or mental retardation.
Atherosclerosis and hypertension may cause a stroke manifested by paresis, hemiparesis ,
paralysis.
Symptoms of patologies of NS include : headache and migraine accompanied by vomiting,
dizziness and axiety.
There may also occur epilepsy, speech disturbances, depression, neurosis or dementia.
Inflammation or damage to the peripheral nerves is called neuropathy.
The most common causes of nerve damage are : diabetes, leukemia, cancer, lead poisoning
and excessive alcohol consumption.
Symptoms caused by neuropathy include numbness, tingling, muscle pain ( myalgia), muscle
weakness, swating.
DISEASES SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS NEUROPATHY
Multiple sclerosis
headache
Numbness
Meningioma or brain tumour
migraine
Tingling
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Meningitis
vomiting
Muscle pain (myalgia)
Encephalitis
dizziness
Muslce weakness
Concussion
anxiety
sweating
Hemiparesis
Paresis
Paralysis
Neuropathy
Bibliografia :
Ewa Donesch-Je
Ň
o -English for Nurses
Ewa Donesch-Je
Ň
o - English for Medical Students
3
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