US Army Survival Manual, Przetrwanie

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FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL Reprinted as permitted by U.S. Department of the Army
FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL
Reprinted as
NOT
permitted by U.S. Department of the Army, but by we the citizenry who paid for it
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 FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL Reprinted as permitted by U.S. Department of the Army
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL ........................................................................................ 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 5
SURVIVAL ACTIONS....................................................................................................................... 5
PATTERN FOR SURVIVAL ............................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER 2 - PSYCHOLOGY OF SURVIVAL..................................................................................... 8
A LOOK AT STRESS ....................................................................................................................... 8
NATURAL REACTIONS................................................................................................................. 10
PREPARING YOURSELF .............................................................................................................. 12
CHAPTER 3 - SURVIVAL PLANNING AND SURVIVAL KITS............................................................ 14
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING ...................................................................................................... 14
SURVIVAL KITS ............................................................................................................................ 14
CHAPTER 4 - BASIC SURVIVAL MEDICINE .................................................................................... 16
REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH .................................................................. 16
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES ............................................................................................................ 20
LIFESAVING STEPS ..................................................................................................................... 20
BONE AND JOINT INJURY ........................................................................................................... 27
BITES AND STINGS ...................................................................................................................... 30
WOUNDS....................................................................................................................................... 33
ENVIRONMENTAL INJURIES ....................................................................................................... 35
HERBAL MEDICINES .................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 5 - SHELTERS ................................................................................................................. 38
SHELTER SITE SELECTION......................................................................................................... 38
TYPES OF SHELTERS.................................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER 6 - WATER PROCUREMENT .......................................................................................... 53
WATER SOURCES........................................................................................................................ 53
STILL CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................................ 58
WATER PURIFICATION ................................................................................................................ 61
WATER FILTRATION DEVICES .................................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER 7 - FIRECRAFT................................................................................................................ 63
BASIC FIRE PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................. 63
SITE SELECTION AND PREPARATION ....................................................................................... 63
FIRE MATERIAL SELECTION ....................................................................................................... 66
HOW TO BUILD A FIRE ................................................................................................................ 66
HOW TO LIGHT A FIRE ................................................................................................................ 67
CHAPTER 8 - FOOD PROCUREMENT............................................................................................. 72
ANIMALS FOR FOOD.................................................................................................................... 72
TRAPS AND SNARES ................................................................................................................... 78
KILLING DEVICES......................................................................................................................... 88
FISHING DEVICES ........................................................................................................................ 89
PREPARATION OF FISH AND GAME FOR COOKING AND STORAGE ...................................... 94
CHAPTER 9 - SURVIVAL USE OF PLANTS ..................................................................................... 99
EDIBILITY OF PLANTS ................................................................................................................. 99
PLANTS FOR MEDICINE ............................................................................................................ 106
CHAPTER 10 - POISONOUS PLANTS............................................................................................ 109
HOW PLANTS POISON............................................................................................................... 109
ALL ABOUT PLANTS................................................................................................................... 109
RULES FOR AVOIDING POISONOUS PLANTS ......................................................................... 110
CONTACT DERMATITIS ............................................................................................................. 110
INGESTION POISONING ............................................................................................................ 110
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 FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL Reprinted as permitted by U.S. Department of the Army
CHAPTER 11 - DANGEROUS ANIMALS ........................................................................................ 112
INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS ....................................................................................................... 112
LEECHES .................................................................................................................................... 114
BATS ........................................................................................................................................... 114
POISONOUS SNAKES ................................................................................................................ 114
DANGEROUS LIZARDS .............................................................................................................. 116
DANGERS IN RIVERS................................................................................................................. 116
DANGERS IN BAYS AND ESTUARIES ....................................................................................... 117
SALTWATER DANGERS............................................................................................................. 117
CHAPTER 12 - FIELD-EXPEDIENT WEAPONS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT ................................ 120
CLUBS ......................................................................................................................................... 120
EDGED WEAPONS ..................................................................................................................... 122
OTHER EXPEDIENT WEAPONS ................................................................................................ 123
LASHING AND CORDAGE .......................................................................................................... 123
RUCKSACK CONSTRUCTION.................................................................................................... 123
CLOTHING AND INSULATION .................................................................................................... 123
COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS ........................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 13 - DESERT SURVIVAL ............................................................................................... 123
TERRAIN ..................................................................................................................................... 123
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS .................................................................................................... 123
NEED FOR WATER..................................................................................................................... 123
HEAT CASUALTIES .................................................................................................................... 123
PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 123
DESERT HAZARDS..................................................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 14 - TROPICAL SURVIVAL............................................................................................ 123
TROPICAL WEATHER ................................................................................................................ 123
JUNGLE TYPES .......................................................................................................................... 123
TRAVEL THROUGH JUNGLE AREAS ........................................................................................ 123
IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................ 123
WATER PROCUREMENT ........................................................................................................... 123
FOOD .......................................................................................................................................... 123
POISONOUS PLANTS................................................................................................................. 123
CHAPTER 15 - COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL................................................................................. 123
COLD REGIONS AND LOCATIONS ............................................................................................ 123
WINDCHILL ................................................................................................................................. 123
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL .............................................................. 123
HYGIENE..................................................................................................................................... 123
MEDICAL ASPECTS.................................................................................................................... 123
COLD INJURIES.......................................................................................................................... 123
SHELTERS .................................................................................................................................. 123
FIRE............................................................................................................................................. 123
WATER ........................................................................................................................................ 123
FOOD .......................................................................................................................................... 123
TRAVEL ....................................................................................................................................... 123
WEATHER SIGNS ....................................................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 16 - SEA SURVIVAL ...................................................................................................... 123
THE OPEN SEA........................................................................................................................... 123
SEASHORES............................................................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 17 - EXPEDIENT WATER CROSSINGS........................................................................ 123
RIVERS AND STREAMS ............................................................................................................. 123
RAPIDS........................................................................................................................................ 123
RAFTS ......................................................................................................................................... 123
FLOTATION DEVICES ................................................................................................................ 123
OTHER WATER OBSTACLES .................................................................................................... 123
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 FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL Reprinted as permitted by U.S. Department of the Army
VEGETATION OBSTACLES........................................................................................................ 123
CHAPTER 18 - FIELD-EXPEDIENT DIRECTION FINDING............................................................. 123
USING THE SUN AND SHADOWS ............................................................................................. 123
USING THE MOON...................................................................................................................... 123
USING THE STARS..................................................................................................................... 123
MAKING IMPROVISED COMPASSES ........................................................................................ 123
OTHER MEANS OF DETERMINING DIRECTION ....................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 19 - SIGNALING TECHNIQUES .................................................................................... 123
APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................. 123
MEANS FOR SIGNALING............................................................................................................ 123
CODES AND SIGNALS ............................................................................................................... 123
AIRCRAFT VECTORING PROCEDURES ................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 20 - SURVIVAL MOVEMENT IN HOSTILE AREAS ....................................................... 123
PHASES OF PLANNING ............................................................................................................. 123
EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................ 123
RETURN TO FRIENDLY CONTROL ........................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 21 - CAMOUFLAGE ....................................................................................................... 123
PERSONAL CAMOUFLAGE........................................................................................................ 123
METHODS OF STALKING........................................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 22 - CONTACT WITH PEOPLE...................................................................................... 123
CONTACT WITH LOCAL PEOPLE .............................................................................................. 123
THE SURVIVOR'S BEHAVIOR .................................................................................................... 123
CHANGES TO POLITICAL ALLEGIANCE ................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER 23 - SURVIVAL IN MAN-MADE HAZARDS.................................................................... 123
THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................. 123
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS .................................................................................................. 123
CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS ..................................................................................................... 123
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 FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL Reprinted as permitted by U.S. Department of the Army
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
This manual is based entirely on the keyword SURVIVAL. The letters in this word can help
guide you in your actions in any survival situation. Whenever faced with a survival
situation, remember the word SURVIVAL.
SURVIVAL ACTIONS
The following
paragraphs
expand on the meaning of each letter of the word survival. Study and
remember what each letter signifies because you may some day have to make it work for you.
S -Size Up the Situation
If you are in a combat situation, find a place where you can conceal yourself from the enemy.
Remember, security takes priority. Use your senses of hearing, smell, and sight to get a feel for the
battlefield. What is the enemy doing? Advancing? Holding in place? Retreating? You will have to
consider what is developing on the battlefield when you make your survival plan.
Size Up Your Surroundings
Determine the pattern of the area. Get a feel for what is going on around you. Every environment,
whether forest, jungle, or desert, has a rhythm or pattern. This rhythm or pattern includes animal and bird
noises and movements and insect sounds. It may also include enemy traffic and civilian movements.
Size Up Your Physical Condition
The pressure of the battle you were in or the trauma of being in a survival situation may have caused you
to overlook wounds you received. Check your wounds and give yourself first aid. Take care to prevent
further bodily harm. For instance, in any climate, drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration. If you are
in a cold or wet climate, put on additional clothing to prevent hypothermia.
Size Up Your Equipment
Perhaps in the heat of battle, you lost or damaged some of your equipment. Check to see what
equipment you have and what condition it is in.
Now that you have sized up your situation, surroundings, physical condition, and equipment, you are
ready to make your survival plan. In doing so, keep in mind your basic physical needs--water, food, and
shelter.
U -Use All Your Senses, Undue Haste Makes Waste
You may make a wrong move when you react quickly without thinking or planning. That move may result
in your capture or death. Don't move just for the sake of taking action. Consider all aspects of your
situation (size up your situation) before you make a decision and a move. If you act in haste, you may
forget or lose some of your equipment. In your haste you may also become disoriented so that you don't
know which way to go. Plan your moves. Be ready to move out quickly without endangering yourself if
the enemy is near you. Use all your senses to evaluate the situation. Note sounds and smells. Be
sensitive to temperature changes. Be observant.
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