Us Army Fm 3-22.9 (23-9) Rifle Marksmanship m16a1, SURVIVAL, Dokumenty inne

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FM 3-22.9
(FM23-9)
RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP
M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4,
AND M4 CARBINE
APRIL 2003
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*FM 3-22.9
(FM 23-9)
FIELD MANUAL
HEADQUARTERS
No. 3-22.9 (23-9)
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Washington, DC, 24 April 2003
RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP
M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4 and M4 CARBINE
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE
...........................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND TRAINING STRATEGY
Section
I. Training Overview................................................................................ 1-1
1-1. Objectives ................................................................................. 1-1
1-2. Training Strategy ...................................................................... 1-1
1-3. Training Phases......................................................................... 1-3
Section
II. Marksmanship Training Strategy ......................................................... 1-5
1-4. Mission-Essential Tasks ........................................................... 1-5
1-5. Training Assessment................................................................. 1-5
1-6. Basic Program Implementation ................................................ 1-6
1-7. Training the Trainer .................................................................. 1-6
1-8. Duties of the Instructor-Trainer ................................................ 1-7
1-9. Trainer Certification Program................................................... 1-7
1-10. Qualification Training .............................................................. 1-9
1-11. Unit Live-Fire Exercises......................................................... 1-10
1-12. Commander’s Evaluation Guide............................................. 1-11
CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS, AMMUNITION, AND ACCESSORIES
2-1. Characteristics........................................................................... 2-1
2-2. Rail Adapter System ................................................................. 2-9
2-3. Rail Grabbers and MILES Training Extender ........................ 2-12
2-4. Backup Iron Sight ................................................................... 2-14
2-5. M68, Close-Combat Optic...................................................... 2-15
2-6. AN/PAQ-4B/C Infrared Aiming Light ................................... 2-17
2-7. AN/PEQ-2A Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light.......... 2-19
AN/PAS-13 (V3) Heavy Thermal Weapon Sight................... 2-22
2-9. AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Sight................................................ 2-23
2-10. Borelight ................................................................................. 2-25
2-11. Ammunition Types and Characteristics.................................. 2-26
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
__________________________
*This publication supersedes FM 23-9, 3 July 1989.
i
2-8. AN/PAS-13 (V2) Medium Thermal Weapon Sight and
FM 3-22.9
Page
CHAPTER 3. TROUBLESHOOTING AND DESTRUCTION
3-1. Stoppages .................................................................................. 3-1
3-2. Malfunctions ............................................................................. 3-2
3-3. Destruction Procedures ............................................................. 3-7
CHAPTER 4. PRELIMINARY RIFLE INSTRUCTION
(PHASE I of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
Section I. Introduction to Basic Rifle Marksmanship and Mechanical Training . 4-1
4-1. Clearing..................................................................................... 4-2
4-2. Cycles of Functioning............................................................... 4-3
4-3. Modes of Fire............................................................................ 4-8
4-4. Peer Coaching ......................................................................... 4-10
Section II. Marksmanship Fundamentals I........................................................... 4-11
4-5. The Four Fundamentals .......................................................... 4-12
4-6. Firing Positions ....................................................................... 4-18
4-7. Training Devices and Exercises.............................................. 4-19
Section III. Marksmanship Fundamentals II ......................................................... 4-20
4-8. Weaponeer .............................................................................. 4-20
4-9. Engagement Skills Trainer 2000 ............................................ 4-21
CHAPTER 5. DOWNRANGE FEEDBACK
(PHASE II of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
5-1. Grouping Procedures ................................................................ 5-1
5-2. Zeroing Procedures ................................................................. 5-14
5-3. Known-Distance Range (With or Without LOMAH) ............ 5-17
5-4. Effects of Wind and Gravity ................................................... 5-26
5-5. Ballistics ................................................................................. 5-32
CHAPTER 6. FIELD FIRE
(PHASE III of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
Section I. Target Detection ................................................................................... 6-1
6-1. Locating Targets ....................................................................... 6-1
6-2. Marking Targets........................................................................ 6-3
6-3. Range Determination ................................................................ 6-4
Section II. Field-Fire Training (Single Timed Targets
and Multiple Timed Targets) ................................................................ 6-5
6-4. Conduct of Field-Fire Range .................................................... 6-6
6-5. Field-Fire Standards.................................................................. 6-7
Section III. Record Qualification............................................................................. 6-9
6-6. Practice Record Fire I and II..................................................... 6-9
6-7. Practice Record Fire Standards............................................... 6-10
6-8. Record Fire ............................................................................. 6-11
6-9. Alternate Qualification Courses ............................................. 6-14
ii
FM 3-22.9
Page
CHAPTER 7. ADVANCED RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP
(PHASE IV of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
Section I. Advanced Firing Positions.................................................................... 7-1
7-1. Alternate Prone Firing Position ................................................ 7-1
7-2. Kneeling Supported Firing Position ......................................... 7-2
7-3. Kneeling Unsupported Firing Position ..................................... 7-2
7-4. Standing Firing Position ........................................................... 7-3
7-5. Modified Supported Firing Position ......................................... 7-3
7-6. Urban Operations Firing Positions ........................................... 7-4
7-7. Modified Automatic and Burst Fire Position............................ 7-6
Section II. Combat Fire Techniques....................................................................... 7-7
7-8. Rapid Semiautomatic Fire ........................................................ 7-7
7-9. Automatic or Burst Fire .......................................................... 7-10
7-10. Suppressive Fire...................................................................... 7-13
7-11. Quick Fire ............................................................................... 7-15
Section III. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Firing .......................................... 7-18
7-12. MOPP Equipment Fire Training............................................. 7-18
7-13. NBC Dry-Fire and Live-Fire Exercises .................................. 7-21
Section IV. Night Fire Training ............................................................................. 7-22
7-14. Unassisted Night Fire Training............................................... 7-23
7-15. Unassisted Night Fire Target Detection ................................. 7-25
7-16. Training with Artificial Illumination ...................................... 7-26
7-17. Unassisted Night Dry-Fire and Live-Fire Exercises............... 7-27
Section V. Moving Target Engagement ............................................................... 7-29
7-18. Moving Target Fundamentals................................................. 7-29
7-19. Single-Lead Rule for Moving Targets .................................... 7-30
7-20. Moving Target Live-Fire Exercise ......................................... 7-35
7-21. Moving Target Techniques..................................................... 7-35
Section VI. Short-Range Marksmanship Training................................................. 7-36
7-22. Conduct of Short-Range Marksmanship Training.................. 7-37
7-23. Fundamentals of Short-Range Marksmanship........................ 7-37
7-24. Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction .................................. 7-41
7-25. Phase I, Reflexive Fire Training ............................................. 7-42
7-26. Phase II, Target Discrimination Training ............................... 7-44
7-27. Phase III, Short-Range Marksmanship Qualification ............. 7-45
7-28. Phase IV, Shotgun and Automatic Firing Familiarization...... 7-46
Section VII. Squad Designated Marksman Training .............................................. 7-46
7-29. Mission of the Squad Designated Marksman ......................... 7-47
7-30. Squad Designated Marksman Program................................... 7-47
7-31. Squad Designated Marksman Skills Progression ................... 7-47
iii
FM 3-22.9
Page
CHAPTER 8. ADVANCED OPTICS, LASERS, AND IRON SIGHTS
(PHASE V of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
8-1. Training Strategies and Qualification Standards ...................... 8-1
8-2. Borelight ................................................................................... 8-1
8-3. Back-Up Iron Sight................................................................. 8-10
8-4. M68, Close-Combat Optic...................................................... 8-11
8-5. AN/PAS-13 (V2), (V3) Thermal Weapon Sight .................... 8-14
8-6. AN/PAQ-4B/C and AN/PEQ-2A, Infrared Aiming Lasers.... 8-17
8-7. AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Device............................................. 8-21
APPENDIX A. TRAINING AIDS AND DEVICES
............................................ A-1
APPENDIX B. SCORECARDS
.............................................................................B-1
APPENDIX C. LASER MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING SYSTEM
..................C-1
APPENDIX D. RANGE SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT
..................... D-1
APPENDIX E. RANGE PROCEDURES AND RANGE OPERATION
CHECKLIST
.................................................................................E-1
APPENDIX F. ACTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND STANDARDS
....................... F-1
APPENDIX G. 10-METER TARGET OFFSETS AND 25-METER
ZERO OFFSETS
......................................................................... G-1
APPENDIX H. NIGHT FIGHTING
..................................................................... H-1
GLOSSARY
........................................................................................................ Glossary-1
REFERENCES
............................................................................................... References-1
INDEX
...................................................................................................................... Index-1
iv
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