US ARMY FM 90-8 - Counter-Guerrilla Operations(spy CIA terror investigation security), WAR-WOJNA, US ARMY

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FM 90-8
Preface
“This is another type of war new in its intensity,
ancient in its origins —
war by guerrillas, subver-
sives, insurgents, assassins; war by ambush
instead of by combat; by infiltration, instead of
aggression, seeking victory by eroding and ex-
hausting the enemy instead of engaging him...it
requires in those situations where we must counter
it. ..a whole new kind of strategy, a wholly different
kind of force, and therefore a new and wholly
different kind of military training.”
John F. Kennedy, 1962
The aims, objectives, and methods of guerrilla warfare differ greatly
from those of conventional warfare. To be successful in countering this
type of war, the planners of counterguerrilla operations must
understand the enemy and the unique environment in which he
operates.
This manual provides commanders and staffs of brigade elements and
below with concepts and doctrine concerning the conduct of counter-
guerrilla operations by US forces in insurgency and conventional
conflict environments. It provides a general overview of US counterin-
surgency strategy and the impact that strategy has on counterguerrilla
operations. It provides planning, training, and operational guidance
for commanders and staffs conducting counterguerrilla operations.
The doctrine provides principles to guide the actions of US forces
conducting counterguerrilla operations. In applying these principles,
the commander must be aware that the situation in each counterguerrilla
operation is unique. Techniques and tactics applied successfully in one
situation may not be suitable if applied in the same manner in another
situation. The principles in this manual are guides to be adapted to
each counterguerrilla situation.
The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC. Submit changes for
improving this publication on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes
to Publications and Blank Forms) and forward to the Commandant,
US Army Infantry School, ATTN: ATSH-B-ID, Fort Benning, GA
31905.
Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used, both
men and women are included.
iv
FM 90-8
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Section I. General
1-1. Overview.
This chapter discusses the type of activity that is characteristic of an
insurgency. A general overview of insurgency is provided to introduce
the planner of counterguerrilla operations to the insurgent. The host
government’s method to defeat the insurgency is discussed, as is the
difference between counterinsurgency and counterguerrilla operations.
The methods of response by United States (US) forces, and the general
doctrine for their use, are also presented.
1-2. Types of conflict.
a. The risk to national survival is greatest in a conventional conflict,
but the probability of such conflicts occurring is relatively low. On
the other hand, the risk to national survival is not as great in a
counterinsurgency conflict, but the probability of these types of
conflicts occurring is much greater.
b. Conventional conflicts imply a state of open belligerency between
nations and a direct confrontation of their armed forces. An
insurgency implies a situation where a country is threatened by
an internal attempt, frequently assisted by external support, to
overthrow the legitimate government. counterguerrilla situations
faced by US forces are likely to occur in an insurgency environment,
but may also occur in conventional conflict environments.
Counterguerrilla operations in support of a conventional conflict
(such as the partisan operations that occurred behind German
lines during World War II) are discussed in Chapter 4.
Section Il. Insurgency
1-3. Concept.
a. The concept of resistance applies to an organized effort by some
portion of the civil population of a country to resist, oppose, or
overthrow the existing government. Many of the methods of
resistance are part of the stock-in-trade of revolutionary activity.
There can be
no revolution
without a resistance movement, but
there can be a resistance movement without a revolution when the
objectives of the resistors do not envision a reallocation of power.
1-1
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